Medieval Helmets
The bascinet was the most commonly used helm in the Middle Ages. Beginning in the XIV century and continuing into the XV century, the bascinet began to develop different features. For example, from approximately 1360 – 1370, the bascinet acquired a new type of visor connection called the “Klappvisor”. This fully visored style of bascinet
The bascinet is the most popular European medieval helmet. It has a variety of skull-forms and types of visor and is arguably the most important piece in a set of armor. The Klappvisier was the result of many permutations over the life of the bascinet. Historical sources indicate that beginning in the XIV century all
Bascinet shaped helmets with a flat face visor are by far the most popular amongst sportsmen engaged in medieval full contact combat in both buhurt and duel categories under HMB, IMCF and SCA regulations. The bascinet was developed from a helmet that looked like a small hat. Medieval knights wore it under a much heavier
Helmet (from German “helm”) is the main part of any armor kit. The most popular type of the helmet is Bascinet. From it’s beginning Bascinet was used as supplement defense. But after it got a visor (German “Visier”, French “visiere”, Italian “visiera”) this type of helmet became a separate protection armor. Bascinet Spoleto type-2 is
Bascinet type helmet with the houndskull (dog-faced form) visor. Klappvisor (Kplappvisier) – it’s the way the visor is attached to the skull of the helmet. This method was developed in Germany around c.1360-1370. The apex point of the conical skull is slightly moved back. Such Houndskull Bascinets were the most spread helmets used by knights
From around 1330 until about 1410, bascinet shaped helmets were the most popular helmet type in medieval Europe. The bascinet was developed from the skull cap, and since approximately 1330 the bottom edge of the high bascinet became more extended and elongated to cover the ears and upper part of the neck. Starting in about
Charles VI (1368-1422), King of France, was called the Beloved and the Mad (French: le Bien-Aimé, le Fol or le Fou). This helmet is based on the bascinet of Charles VI from the collection of “Le Trésor de la cathédrale” (Chartres, France). It has a so-called “sparrow’s beak” visor (french: visière à bec de passereau).
The most popular helmet of the XVI century: close helmet with a visor “sparrow’s beak”. Helmet was developed on the base of Sallet with bevor. Close helmet looks like Armet but in fact it’s different. First close helmets were similar to sallet with the short tail. But the skull of the new type helmet has
Late XIV century Great Helm based on the photo of a medieval helmet from a private collection. According to the National Museum of Scotland there’s only a few 14th-century helmets to survive: – Great helm with decoration (cimier) of Albert von Prankh, approx. 1350. Preserved in Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien in Austria. – 14th century great
Burgonet helmet based on the helmet from the armor of Guidobaldo della Rovere (1514-1574), Duke of Urbino, given to Felipe II of Spain. Armor and helmet were made in Roman style in 1546 by Bartolomeo Campi de Pesaro. Preserved in the Royal Armory (La Real Armeria) in Madrid, Spain. Helmet was luxuriously decorated with a
There are not many historical sources telling us a story about the helmets of the X – XI centuries. However, one of the most famous is the XI century Bayeux Tapestry (Tapisserie de Bayeux). On different sections of the tapestry, we can see warriors wearing conical helmets with nasal elements. Most of the helms illustrated
A sallet (Old German “Schelern”, French “salade”) is a type of Western European helmet. At the end of the XIV century the pointed skull of bascinet helmets became more rounded. The sides and back became larger and the skull of the helmet obtained a crest in approximately 1420. Two main types of sallet helmets developed
Protect Your Head with a Medieval Helmet
The development of medieval helmets dates back to antiquity, all the way back to the age of philosophy and mathematics. However, Forge of Svan specializes in production of practical armor for full-contact medieval combat. Because of that, we won’t focus on the helmets of the early Middle Ages here. According to HMB and IMCF regulations, these types of medieval helm are forbidden. Their level of protection is insufficient for modern sword combat and they are potentially dangerous to use. Accordingly, we will focus on helmets from later periods here.
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Great Helms and Tophelms
The great helm and the tophelm are the most famous types of medieval pot helmets and are characteristic of the time of the Templar Order. The uninitiated might think that these helmet types are identical. However, there are some subtle differences. A great helm has a massive, wide top and the back is often open and unprotected. The tophelm features more elegant shapes and the top of this helmet is tapered when compared with the great helm.
Both types of helmets were often decorated with crosses shaped from brass. Thanks to the angular shape, these types of head armor are well suited for full-contact medieval combat because the angles deflect blows quite well. Their main disadvantage is weight – a helmet like this can weigh up to 5 or 6 kilograms. Newbies often choose these helm types because they are relatively cheap compared to others.
Bascinets
Full-contact medieval combat is taking over the world. Among the fighters involved in this of sport, bascinets are the most popular medieval helm type. They are relatively easy to manufacture, practical to use, reliable, and not terribly weighty.
The appearance of this helmet dates back to the XIV century when the knights, together with blacksmiths, developed several types of visors for the bascinet. Let’s take a look at each one of them in detail.
Pigface Visor
Let’s start with the most popular – pigface. You can easily guess from its name what shape this visor takes – the shape of a pig’s snout. Back in the old days, people often observed nature and paid special attention to details, copying what they liked. This co-opting of nature is inherent in virtually everything created by humans and the armor manufacturing process was no exception. Many bascients, pigface included, were equipped with plate aventails which drew their inspiration from the feathers and scales of birds and fish, respectively.
Houndskull Visor
A visor that looks a lot like a dog’s muzzle is called a houndskull (or “hounskull) visor. Due to its shape and the space between one’s face and the metal, there’s ample room for breathing. During horseback fights, this type of visor works great against spears, easily deflecting thrusts and stabs. Full-contact medieval combat fighters also like this type of visor due to the ease with which it turns blows..
Wolfribs Visor
Wolf ribs visor provides excellent visibility to fighters, doesn’t obstruct breathing, and gives a sense of freedom. However, this type of visor is strictly regulated by the HMB federation, so be careful when choosing this type of protection. At the Forge of Svan we’re familiar with these rules and you can rest assured that the wolf ribs visor you purchase on our website complies with HMB regulations.
There are two types of mounting for medieval helmet visors:
1. Klappviser (or klappvisor) mounting is located on the front of the helmet.
2. Splitvisor mounting is located on the sides of the helmet and is a bit heavier than the klappviser, but also more reliable.
Nasal Bascinet
This type of bascinet saw common usage in the XIV century, but began to die out during the first half of the XV. Nasal helmets evolved from open-faced bascinets which left too much of the face exposed. Blacksmiths’ solution at the time was to add a triangular element that extended from the brow of the helmet down to either just below the nose or to the chin where its wide base would protect the lower jaw. Commonly called a “bretèche”, this addition to the bascinet, along with the mail aventail, greatly increased the protective qualities of the helm without sacrificing visibility or breathability.
Sallets
Without a doubt, some of the most beautiful medieval helmets appeared in the Gothic era. This epoch is known for its beautiful cathedrals with their famous sharp spires. These decorative details impacted the armor fashion of the time as well. Just like in architecture, the ribs and lace patterns appeared on armor – for example, the medieval sallet helmet. The peculiarity of this helm type is the open lower jaw and neck. These parts were covered by a bevor – an element of armor that was put on as a separate piece and protected the upper chest, neck, and chin. Thanks to these tandem pieces, knights did not feel discomfort while breathing and had greater cranial mobility.
At the Forge of Svan, we have been manufacturing medieval helmets since 2004. We have extensive experience and have established ourselves around the world as reliable manufacturers. If you want to experience the highest quality service, purchase armor tailor made for you, and rest assured that your safety is top priority, order your helmet of choice from us today and see for yourself.
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